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James M. Masters, Sr.
James Marvin Masters, Sr. (June 11, 1911 – August 5, 1988) was a United States Marine Corps lieutenant general who during the course of his career served as a China Marine, fought in numerous battles in the Pacific during World War II and commanded units from platoon to division size. He received the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Okinawa and was also a recipient of the Distinguished Service Medal〔Marine Corps Oral History Collection, James M. Masters Sr. Interview Transcript, Interview conducted by (Benis Morton Frank ), August 5, 12, and 20, 1981〕 during a military career that spanned the 35 years between 1933 and 1968.〔"James Masters, Marine General, Dies at age 77", ''The Washington Post'', 6 August 1988〕〔Navy Cross citation: (Navy Cross Awards to members of the U.S. Marines in World War II ). HomeOfHeroes.com. Retrieved 2010-01-07.〕 He died at his home in Washington, D.C. on 5 August 1988.
==Early life and education==
James Marvin Masters (who was designated 'Sr.' after his namesake father died in 1936) was born 16 June 1911, in Atlanta, Georgia. When he was 12 years old, his grandfather (a one-time Confederate soldier in the 15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment) died, and his father moved his wife (Cecilia Hale Masters〔) and three sons back to the family farm in Anderson, South Carolina. There, James would frequently hunt his family's dinner.〔Oral History Collection: "I love the outdoors. As a youngster I spent every moment I could hunting. I used to come home from school at 2:30 in the wintertime and I was out of the house, hunting until sunset."〕
Masters completed high school at Anderson in 1927 at age 16, delivering the valedictory speech when he was still only 16, saying, "If we fail to prepare for our role in society, we play falsely with our God, our country, and with the inner man, our conscience."〔Original copy of the valedictory speech, in Masters Family library, 1927〕 Though he had appointments to both the United States Military Academy and the United States Naval Academy upon high school graduation,〔Oral History Collection: "I felt driven, somewhere deep inside me, I wanted to be a soldier, or a sailor, or a Marine. I just had the desire to serve my country in that capacity."〕 his father thought Masters too young to enter immediately, and insisted that his son attend The Citadel for a year. A cousin, a Naval Academy graduate, encouraged him to attend Annapolis instead of West Point, which he did in 1929.〔Oral History Collection: "As it turned out, I had a cousin, a Naval Academy graduate, who was a Lieutenant (junior grade) in the Navy. He was home on leave, and he talked me into going to Annapolis rather than West Point."〕 His appointment before the Wall Street Crash of 1929 spared him from the business loss his father incurred.〔Oral History Collection: "Those were hard times. If I hadn’t gotten my appointment to the Naval Academy, my father would have strained his guts some way or another to give me an education; but it would have been miserably tough on him. He had been a successful businessman in the 1920s, first with Met Life as Southeastern Manager in Atlanta where I was born, then as the exclusive Southeastern Distributor for old Dearborn Trucks. But he lost damn near everything in the Crash."〕
During his battleship cruise to the Azores, Halifax, and Bermuda in 1932, Masters opted for the Marine Corps, observing "...that really made up my mind, because I’d read so much about Marine camaraderie. And I’d also observed it within Marine detachments on board ship, the close relationship between officers and men."〔 He found a role model in Commandant of the Marine Corps John A. Lejeune, who had retired that year.〔Oral History Collection: "He was gone by the time I came in, but I always admired General Lejeune. Thought he was a gentleman and a scholar, a true leader, and a superb tactician. I never met him, but he was my dream Marine."〕 Due to the Great Depression, the Academy could only fund commissions for half of the graduating class in 1933, Masters included.〔Oral History Collection: "When we graduated, we were the poor man’s class. There was only enough money in the military budget to commission the first 50% of us. In 1934, a fixed number of the remaining graduates were asked back to receive their commissions. And in 1935, the balance of the class was asked to return for commissioning. So, there were three sections to my graduating class; 33A commissioned 1933, 33B commissioned in 1934, and 33C commissioned in 1935."〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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